Современные взгляды на применение местных антиаллергических средств

Allergy is an abnormal hypersensitive immune reaction of the body to typically harmless substances called allergens in the environment. Ocular allergy and dry eye are among the most common surface problems that we see in our clinics. A large data analytic study from India revealed the prevalence of allergy to be 10.12% in the ≤21 years age group, with a male preponderance of 3:1.[¹] Ocular allergy has a wide spectrum from mild self-limited disease to the extremely severe blinding disease. Despite advances in science, treatment of allergy continues to evolve in an effort to provide better inflammation control, minimize complications and their impact on vision, prevent visual loss, and improve the patient’s quality of life. The primary aim of this article is to give current perspectives on the use of topical antiallergics restricted to mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, and dual acting agents.

The hallmark symptom of all forms of allergic eye disease is itching. A common dictum is “No Itch No Allergy.” In addition, redness, tearing, lid swelling, photophobia, mucus discharge, and foreign body sensation are common.[²] Ocular allergy has been traditionally classified into four subtypes, that is, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC,) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). Based upon the pathogenic mechanism, ocular allergy could be classified [Table 1] as IgE mediated and non-IgE mediated.[³] More recently, ocular allergies have been classified based on phenotype and endotype, and this will help in future to provide more pathway-specific therapeutic strategies.[³] Allergic conjunctivitis is often associated with other systemic allergies, most commonly allergic rhinitis and asthma.