Клиническая анатомия: роговица и поверхность глаза

The cornea and ocular surface constitute a highly specialized and dynamic interface between the external environment and the internal ocular structures, playing a critical role in both protection and vision [¹–⁵]. As a transparent, avascular tissue, the cornea functions simultaneously as a physical barrier and the principal refractive element of the eye, necessitating a delicate balance between structural integrity and optical clarity despite continuous environmental challenges [⁶–⁸]. This equilibrium is sustained through the coordinated interaction of epithelial cell architecture, tear film stability, mucin and glycocalyx layers, limbal stem cell function, and robust immunological defense mechanisms [⁹–¹²].