Проблемы офтальмологических консультаций и стратегическая коммуникация

Effective communication with patients has emerged as a critical competency in modern healthcare, where diagnosis and treatment plans require clarity, empathy and precision. While traditional approaches often rely on clinicians’ inherent interpersonal skills, such unstructured methods may fall short in addressing the diverse and nuanced challenges of patient–provider interactions.¹ Research consistently highlights communication gaps during medical consultations, including difficulties in explaining complex conditions, managing expectations and promoting adherence to treatment.² These challenges are particularly pronounced in ophthalmology, where the highly specialised nature of this medical specialty, the technical complexity and limited patient familiarity with ocular conditions can further hinder effective communication.³ Despite the well-established role of communication in improving patient outcomes, most existing models lack a structured, evidence-based framework for systematically enhancing communication skills in clinical settings.¹ Miscommunication has been linked to increased patient anxiety, reduced trust and suboptimal adherence to care plans.⁶ Furthermore, structural constraints, such as time-limited consultations, family members’ involvement and disparities in health literacy or cultural background, further intensify these challenges, underscoring the need for more adaptable and strategic approaches. ‘Strategic Communication’ is a structured approach to clinical communication, grounded in established principles of health communication, and aims to support clear and effective interactions between clinicians and patients, moving beyond traditional, personality-driven communication styles. Distinct from unstructured communication models, it focuses on understanding not only the medical problem, but also the patient’s perspective, emotional state and the practical context of the consultation. A central element of this approach is the O.D.I. Method (Osserva, Domanda, Intervieni–Observe, Question, Intervene), which offers a structured simple framework to guide clinical communication. ‘Observe’ refers to assessing patient needs, expectations and relevant contextual factors, including symptom severity, urgency and family involvement. ‘Question’ involves the use of open-ended questions to clarify patient perspectives and concerns and align clinical assumptions with patient understanding. ‘Intervene’ focuses on jointly defining communication strategies and care plans that take into account both clinical priorities and patient preferences, supporting shared decision-making.⁵