SIXTH EDITION

Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology

Cullen Eye Institute

Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas

Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology

University of South Florida College of Medicine

Tampa, Florida

Professor of Ophthalmology

University of Bologna

Chief of Ophthalmology

S. Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital

Bologna, Italy

St. Louis London Philadelphia Sydney Toronto

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Binocular vision and ocular motility : theory and management of strabismus / Gunter K. von Noorden, Emilio C. Campos.—6th ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

I. Title.

616.7'62—dc21

HERMANN MARTIN BURIAN

Amajor change with this edition is the additionof co-author Dr. Emilio Campos, who is one of the leaders of European strabismology and widely respected for his scientific contributions. Dr. Campos has written a new chapter on Chemodenervation and assisted me with the review and revision of this sixth edition. I selected Dr. Campos as a co-author because his scientific background is similar to mine. His mentor Bruno Bagolini was trained, as I was, by the late Hermann Burian, with whom I co-authored the first edition. Because of this common heritage we agree on all major issues discussed in this text. Whenever an occasional difference in opinions existed on minor subject matters both of our views were stated.

As in previous editions, new material was added and older text that had lost its relevance was deleted, except when it was of historical interest. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility has become a major source of references to the older strabismus literature that is not retrievable through electronic search techniques. With this in mind, we have used a conservative approach in deleting older references so that they would remain available to the researcher and interested clinician.

We have endeavored to improve clarity in the text and tables, replaced several old figures with better examples, and added illustration of surgical techniques not covered in previous editions.

The formerly voluminous chapter on sensory adaptation and stereopsis has been divided into three smaller chapters for easier access. Because sensorial anomalies in strabismus are only briefly dealt with in current texts, or receive at best spurious coverage in most teaching curricula for residents, the comprehensive discussion of this subject in this book appears to be fully justified.

The contributions and teaching of Hermann Burian remain apparent throughout this text but especially in Part One. We submit this volume not only as his legacy but also that of his teacher, Alfred Bielschowsky, who has influenced strabismology during the first half of the 20th century like no one else.

My thanks are due to Mrs. Louise Thomas, my faithful former secretary, for obtaining copies of articles from the local medical libraries and illustrations through the Baylor Department of Medical Illustrations, and to Mr. Mike Piorunski, librarian of the Friedenwald Library of the Wilmer Institute, for locating and verifying older references. Last, but not least, I thank my dear wife for her continued support and patience during the work on this edition.

The authors have no proprietary interest in any of the commercial products, drugs, or instruments mentioned in this book.

Gunter K. von Noorden

Ifeel deeply honored for having been asked byDr. Gunter von Noorden to collaborate with him on the sixth edition of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, and I consider this recognition as one of the highlights of my career.

I hope that my input to this edition has not interfered with the homogeneity of this book and its original message.

Both Dr. von Noorden and I would appreciate any input from our readers that may help us to make future editions even more useful.

I would like to express my gratitude to my collaborators Drs. Costantino Schiavi and Costantino Bellusci, who have helped me in the preparation of clinical illustrations and surgical drawings. Many thanks also to Stefania Piaggi, C.O., for having located obscure references and for her help with the computer search of the literature.

I am grateful to all my collaborators and to those close to me for their patience during the preparation of the manuscript and ask their forgiveness for any lack of attention during this most stimulating but time-consuming venture.

Emilio C. Campos