Case Studies
Self-Assessment and CME Credit
Each volume of the BCSC is designed as an independent study activity for ophthalmology residents and practitioners. The learning objectives for this volume are given on page 1. The text, illustrations, and references provide the information necessary to achieve the objectives; the study questions allow readers to test their understanding of the material and their mastery of the objectives. Physicians who wish to claim CME credit for this educational activity may do so by following the instructions given at the end of the book.*
Conclusion
The Basic and Clinical Science Course has expanded greatly over the years, with the addition of much new text, numerous illustrations, and video content. Recent editions have sought to place greater emphasis on clinical applicability while maintaining a solid foundation in basic science. As with any educational program, it reflects the experience of its authors. As its faculties change and medicine progresses, new viewpoints emerge on controversial subjects and techniques. Not all alternate approaches can be included in this series; as with any educational endeavor, the learner should seek additional sources, including Academy Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines.
The BCSC faculty and staff continually strive to improve the educational usefulness of the course; you, the reader, can contribute to this ongoing process. If you have any suggestions or questions about the series, please do not hesitate to contact the faculty or the editors.
The authors, editors, and reviewers hope that your study of the BCSC will be of lasting value and that each Section will serve as a practical resource for quality patient care.
*There is no formal American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) approval process for self-assessment activities. Any CME activity that qualifies for ABO Continuing Certification credit may also be counted as “self-assessment” as long as it provides a mechanism for individual learners to review their own performance, knowledge base, or skill set in a defined area of practice. For instance, grand rounds, medical conferences, or journal activities for CME credit that involve a form of individualized self-assessment may count as a self-assessment activity.
Objectives
Upon completion of BCSC Section 6, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, the reader should be able to
describe techniques for evaluating young children that provide the maximum information gain with the least trauma and frustration
describe the anatomy and physiology of the extraocular muscles
explain the classification and diagnosis of amblyopia
describe the treatment options for amblyopia
describe the commonly used tests for the diagnosis and mea sure ment of strabismus
classify the vari ous esodeviations and exodeviations
describe the management of each type of esodeviation and exodeviation
identify pattern and vertical strabismus, as well as special forms of strabismus
select a treatment plan for pattern, vertical, and special forms of strabismus
list the features of the vari ous forms of nystagmus seen in children, including their significance
state the pos si ble complications of strabismus surgery, including guidelines to minimize them
describe an approach to the diagnosis of decreased vision in children
state vari ous causes of congenital and acquired ocular infections in children, including a logical plan for the diagnosis and management of each type
list the most common lacrimal drainage system abnormalities found in children
describe a management plan for the most common lacrimal drainage system abnormalities occurring in children
list the most common diseases and malformations of the anterior segment occurring in children
describe the diagnostic findings and treatment options for childhood glaucoma
identify common types of childhood cataract and other lens disorders
describe a diagnostic and management plan for childhood cataracts
identify appropriate diagnostic tests for pediatric uveitis
identify vari ous vitreoret i nal, optic nerve head, and metabolic diseases and disorders that occur in children
describe the characteristic findings of accidental and nonaccidental ocular trauma in childhood
list the characteristics of ocular tumors and neuro oculocutaneous syndromes occurring in children
describe potential social barriers to treatment of children who require long- term eye care
The Pediatric Eye Evaluation
This chapter includes related videos. Go to www . aao . org / bcscvideo _ section06 or scan the QR codes in the text to access this content.
Highlights
Flexibility, creativity, playfulness, and patience are valuable assets for the pediatric ophthalmologist.
The use of crowding bars is recommended if a child’s visual acuity is tested using single optotypes.
In infants, fixation preference testing is commonly used, but preferential looking tests can quantify visual acuity.