Acad emy staff members who contributed to the development of this product state that within the 24 months prior to their contributions to this CME activity and for the duration of development, they have had no financial interest in or other relationship with any entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, reselling, or distributing health care products used by or in patients.

The authors and reviewers state that within the 24 months prior to their contributions to this CME activity and for the duration of development, they have had the following financial relationships:*

All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

The other authors and reviewers state that within the 24 months prior to their contributions to this CME activity and for the duration of development, they have had no financial interest in or other relationship with any entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, reselling, or distributing health care products used by or in patients.

* C = con sul tant fee, paid advisory boards, or fees for attending a meeting; E = employed by or received a W-2 from a commercial com pany; L = lecture fees or honoraria, travel fees or reimbursements when speaking at the invitation of a commercial com pany; O = equity own ership/stock options in publicly or privately traded firms, excluding mutual funds; P = patents and/or royalties for intellectual property; S = grant support or other financial support to the investigator from all sources, including research support from government agencies, foundations, device manufacturers, and/or phar ma ceu ti cal companies

In addition, the Acad emy gratefully acknowledges the contributions of numerous past faculty and advisory committee members who have played an impor tant role in the development of previous editions of the Basic and Clinical Science Course.

Dale E. Fajardo, EdD, MBA, Vice President, Education Beth Wilson, Director, Continuing Professional Development Denise Evenson, Director, Brand & Creative Susan Malloy, Acquisitions and Development Man ag er Stephanie Tanaka, Publications Man ag er Rayna Ungersma, Man ag er, Curriculum Development Jasmine Chen, Man ag er, E- Learning Sarah Page, Online Education & Licensing Man ag er Lana Ip, Se nior Designer Amanda Fernandez, Publications Editor Beth Collins, Medical Editor Eric Gerdes, Interactive Designer Kenny Guay, Publications Specialist Debra Marchi, Online Education Specialist

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The Basic and Clinical Science Course (BCSC) is designed to meet the needs of residents and practitioners for a comprehensive yet concise curriculum of the field of ophthalmology. The BCSC has developed from its original brief outline format, which relied heavily on outside readings, to a more convenient and educationally useful self-contained text. The Academy updates and revises the course annually, with the goals of integrating the basic science and clinical practice of ophthalmology and of keeping ophthalmologists current with new developments in the various subspecialties.

The BCSC incorporates the effort and expertise of more than 100 ophthalmologists, organized into 13 Section faculties, working with Academy editorial staff. In addition, the course continues to benefit from many lasting contributions made by the faculties of previous editions. Members of the Academy Practicing Ophthalmologists Advisory Committee for Education, Committee on Aging, and Vision Rehabilitation Committee review every volume before major revisions, as does a group of select residents and fellows. Members of the European Board of Ophthalmology, organized into Section faculties, also review volumes before major revisions, focusing primarily on differences between American and European ophthalmology practice.

The Basic and Clinical Science Course comprises 13 volumes, incorporating fundamental ophthalmic knowledge, subspecialty areas, and special topics:

Readers who wish to explore specific topics in greater detail may consult the references cited within each chapter and listed in the Additional Materials and Resources section at the back of the book. These references are intended to be selective rather than exhaustive, chosen by the BCSC faculty as being important, current, and readily available to residents and practitioners.

xxii ^• Introduction to the BCSC

This edition of Section 6, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, includes multimedia— videos, interactive content (“activities”), and online case studies—related to topics covered in the book. The multimedia content is available to readers of the print and electronic versions of Section 6 (www.aao.org/bcscvideo_section06, www.aao.org/bcscactivity_section06, and www.aao.org/bcsccasestudy_section06). Mobile-device users can scan the QR codes below (a QR-code reader may need to be installed on the device) to access the multimedia.

Videos

Activities