EB
European Board of Ophthalmology: Jesper Hjortdal, MD, PhD, Chair, Aarhus, Denmark; Marie-José Tassignon, MD, PhD, FEBO, Liaison, Edegem, Belgium; Roberto Bellucci, MD, Salò, Italy; Daniel Epstein, MD, PhD, Zurich, Switzerland; José L. Güell, MD, FEBO, Barcelona, Spain; Markus Kohlhaas, MD, Dortmund, Germany; Rudy M.M.A. Nuijts, MD, PhD, Maastricht, Netherlands
Financial Disclosures
Academy staff members who contributed to the development of this product state that within the 12 months prior to their contributions to this CME activity and for the dura tion of development, they have had no financial interest in or other relationship with any entity discussed in this course that produces, markets, resells, or distributes ophthalmic health care goods or services consumed by or used in patients, or with any competing commercial product or service.
The authors and reviewers state that within the 12 months prior to their contributions to this CME activity and for the duration of development, they have had the following financial relationships:*
Dr Bellucci: Alcon Laboratories (C), Bausch + Lomb Surgical (C)
Dr Fouraker: Addition Technology (C, L), AJL Ophthalmic, SA (C, L), Alcon (C, L), OASIS Medical (C, L)
Dr Garg: Abbott (C, L), Aerie Pharmaceuticals (C), Alcon (C), Allergan (C), Avedro (C), Dompé (C), EyePoint Pharmaceuticals (C), Eyevance Pharmaceuticals (C), Glaukos (C), Johnson & Johnson Vision (C), Kala Pharmaceuticals (C), LensGen (C, O), New World Medical (C), Novartis (C), Ocutrx (O), RPS (O), RxSight (C), RySurg (C), Shire/Takeda (C, L), SightLife Surgical (C), Sight Sciences (C), Tarsus Pharmaceuticals (C), Verana Health (C), VisionCare (C), ZEISS (C)
Dr Güell: Alcon Laboratories (C), Calhoun Vision (O), OPHTEC, BV (C), ZEISS (C)
Dr Gupta: Alcon (C), Allergan (C), Aurea Medical (C), Bio-Tissue (C), Johnson & John son Vision (C), Kala Pharmaceuticals (C), New World Medical (C), NovaBay Pharma ceuticals (C), Novartis (C), Ocular Science (C), ReGenTree (C), Shire/Takeda (C), Sight Sciences (C), Sun Pharma (C), TearLab Corporation (C), TearScience (C), ZEISS (C, L)
Dr Hjortdal: Carl Zeiss Meditec (L)
Dr Klapper: AdOM Advanced Optical Technologies (O)
Dr Lee: AcuFocus (S), Aerie Pharmaceuticals (C), Allergan (C), Carl Zeiss Meditec (S), Katena Products (C), New World Medical (C)
Dr Modi: Alimera Sciences (C), Allergan (C), Genentech (C), Théa (C), ZEISS (C)
Dr Nuijts: Alcon Laboratories (L, S), ASICO (P), Bausch + Lomb (C)
Dr Rebenitsch: AcuFocus (L), Carl Zeiss Meditec (C), FDA Ophthalmic Devices Commit tee (C), STAAR Surgical (L), Zeimer USA (L)
Dr Reeves: Abbott Medical Optics (C), Avedro (C, O), Johnson & Johnson Vision (L), Unifeye Vision Partners (O)
Dr Robinson: Horizon Therapeutics (O)
Dr Rocha: Alcon (C), Allergan (C), Bausch + Lomb (C), Dompé (C), Johnson & Johnson Vision (C), LaserACE (C)
Dr Tang: EMD Serono (L), Horizon Therapeutics (C, S), Immunovant (S), Novartis (S), Quark Pharmaceuticals, (C, S), Regenera Pharma (S), Sanofi (L), ZEISS (L)
* C = consultant fee, paid advisory boards, or fees for attending a meeting; E = employed by or received a W2 from a commercial company; L = lecture fees or honoraria, travel fees or reimbursements when speaking at the invitation of a commercial company; O = equity ownership/stock options in publicly or privately traded firms, excluding mutual funds; P = patents and/or royalties for intellectual property; S = grant support or other financial support to the investigator from all sources, including research support from government agencies, foundations, device manufacturers, and/or pharmaceutical companies
Dr Taravella: Abbott Medical Optics (C), Coronet Medical Technologies (C), Eyevance (C), Ocular Therapeutix (C)
Dr Tassignon: Morcher GmbH (P)
Dr Van Tassel: Aerie Pharmaceuticals (C), Allergan (C), Equinox (C), New World Medical (C)
Dr Waring: Abbott Medical Optics (C, L), ACE Vision Group (C), AcuFocus (C, L), Alcon (C, L), Allergan (C, L), Allotex (C), Avedro (C, L), Bausch + Lomb (C, L), Centricity Vision (C), Gerson Lehrman Group (C), GlassesOff (C), Glaukos (C, L), Ivantis (C), Johnson & Johnson Vision (C, L), Minosys (C), Novartis (C), OASIS Medical (C, L), OCULUS (C, L), Omega Ophthalmics (C), Omeros (C), Optoquest (C), Perfect Lens (C), Refocus Group (C), Reichert (C), Shire/Takeda (C), Sight Sciences (C), SRD Vision (C), Visiometrics (C, O)
The other authors and reviewers state that within the 12 months prior to their contribu tions to this CME activity and for the duration of development, they have had no financial interest in or other relationship with any entity discussed in this course that produces, markets, resells, or distributes ophthalmic health care goods or services consumed by or used in patients, or with any competing commercial product or service.
Recent Past Faculty
Renato Ambrósio Jr, MD, PhD
Gregg J. Berdy, MD
Richard S. Davidson, MD
M. Bowes Hamill, MD
Parag A. Majmudar, MD
Neda Shamie, MD
In addition, the Academy gratefully acknowledges the contributions of numerous past faculty and advisory committee members who have played an important role in the devel opment of previous editions of the Basic and Clinical Science Course.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Staff
Dale E. Fajardo, EdD, MBA, Vice President, Education
Beth Wilson, Director, Continuing Professional Development
Denise Evenson, Director, Brand & Creative
Susan Malloy, Acquisitions and Development Manager
Stephanie Tanaka, Publications Manager
Jasmine Chen, Manager, E-Learning
Lana Ip, Senior Designer
Beth Collins, Medical Editor
Eric Gerdes, Interactive Designer
Lynda Hanwella, Publications Specialist
Debra Marchi, Permissions Assistant
American Academy of Ophthalmology
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San Francisco, CA 94120-7424
Introduction to the BCSC
The Basic and Clinical Science Course (BCSC) is designed to meet the needs of residents and practitioners for a comprehensive yet concise curriculum of the field of ophthalmol ogy. The BCSC has developed from its original brief outline format, which relied heavily on outside readings, to a more convenient and educationally useful self-contained text. The Academy updates and revises the course annually, with the goals of integrating the basic science and clinical practice of ophthalmology and of keeping ophthalmologists cur rent with new developments in the various subspecialties.
The BCSC incorporates the effort and expertise of more than 100 ophthalmologists, organized into 13 Section faculties, working with Academy editorial staff. In addition, the course continues to benefit from many lasting contributions made by the faculties of previous editions. Members of the Academy Practicing Ophthalmologists Advisory Com mittee for Education, Committee on Aging, and Vision Rehabilitation Committee re view every volume before major revisions, as does a group of select residents and fellows. Members of the European Board of Ophthalmology, organized into Section faculties, also review volumes before major revisions, focusing primarily on differences between Ameri can and European ophthalmology practice.