Оценка роли системного воспаления в этиопатогенезе кератоконуса на поздних стадиях

Assessing the role of systemic inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of advanced stage keratoconus.

Keratoconus (KC) is a bilateral, asymmetric, noninflammatory, progressive corneal ectasia that causes high myopia, astigmatism, and vision loss.[¹,²] It typically begins at puberty, progresses and generally stabilizes between 30 and 40 years of age.[³] The prevalence of KC has been reported to be 1/2000; however, it is known to vary according to diagnostic methods and between different studies.[⁴] The main environmental and demographic factors in the progression of KC include rubbing the eyes, atopy history (hay fever, asthma, urticarial, and eczema), contact lens use, and ultraviolet exposure. Corneal topography systems based on index-based classification principles are used in diagnosis, severity grading, and corneal thickness measurements.[⁵,⁶] One of these topography devices, the Sirius system (Costruzione Strumenti Ophthalmici, Florence, Italy), has an anterior segment analysis that combines a 360° rotating Scheimpflug camera and a 22-ring placido-disc approximately 60000 points are examined on both posterior and anterior surface of the cornea with 475 nm blue LED light. The treatment in KC depends on the severity of the disease. Traditionally, glasses in the early stage of the disease, contact lenses in nonsevere cases, and keratoplasty in severe cases are preferred in the treatment. Corneal cross-linking and intracorneal ring segments are alternative surgical methods that can be performed in the treatment of KC.[⁷] Around 10–20% of cases with KC progress to the final stage necessitating keratoplasty.[⁷,⁸,⁹]