The accompanying ebook includes embedded videos, found in their respective sections as listed below. Each is narrated with audio. Details on how to access the ebook are found in the inside front cover.

More Common. Blepharitis, meibomitis, dry eye syndrome, conjunctivitis.

Less Common. Inflamed pterygium or pinguecula, episcleritis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, ocular toxicity (medication, makeup, contact lens solutions), contact lens–related problems.

See 8.4, Esodeviations (eyes turned in), or 8.5, Exodeviations (eyes turned out).

Painless. Retinal artery or vein occlusion, ophthalmic artery occlusion, ischemic optic neuropathy, giant cell arteritis, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, sudden discovery of preexisting unilateral visual loss.

Painful. Corneal lesion (abrasion, ulcer), uveitis, dry eye syndrome, acute angle-closure glaucoma, endophthalmitis, corneal hydrops, optic neuritis (pain with eye movement; however, ~10% of cases are painless).

Transient (vision returns to normal within 24 hours)

Painless. Amaurosis fugax, optic disc drusen, impending central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), ocular ischemic syndrome, orthostatic hypotension.

Painful. Migraine, dry eye syndrome, superficial punctate keratopathy.

Acute and/or transient

Painless. Stroke (homonymous hemianopsia), vertebrobasilar insufficiency, ciliary spasm or ciliary body rotation, papilledema.

Painful. Migraine, dry eye syndrome, superficial punctate keratopathy, pituitary apoplexy, papilledema (may have headache).

Chronic

Painless. Refractive error, cataract, open angle glaucoma, chronic angle-closure glaucoma, corneal scar, optic neuropathy, dry eye syndrome, chronic retinal disease (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration [AMD]).

Painful. Dry eye syndrome, superficial punctate keratopathy.